• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a residential ventilation unit for decentralized residential ventilation installations in which at least one reversible fan (16) and a heat accumulating element (24) are complemented by an electrostatic air purifying precipitator. furthermore, a filter assembly for a ventilation installation, in particular for a decentralized residential ventilation installation (30), with an air duct having an electrostatic precipitator traversed by the forced-to-purify air stream extending over a the predetermined section of the air duct (30) additionally has in the predetermined electrostatic precipitator section (18) at least one heat accumulation element (24) so that the electrostatic precipitator and the accumulation element of heat interconnect with each other spatially.
    公开号:BR112018014268A2
    申请号:R112018014268
    申请日:2017-01-14
    公开日:2018-12-18
    发明作者:Schmitz Oliver
    申请人:Schmitz Oliver；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) Title: FILTER SET FOR A VENTILATION INSTALLATION, DECENTRALIZED RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION INSTALLATION WITH A FILTER SET, AND RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION UNIT (51) Int. Cl .: F24F 13/28; F24F 3/16; F24F 7/00; F24F 12/00.
    (30) Unionist Priority: 01/14/2016 FROM 10 2016 100 551.7.
    (71) Depositor (s): OLIVER SCHMITZ.
    (72) Inventor (s): OLIVER SCHMITZ.
    (86) PCT Application: PCT DE2017100020 of 01/14/2017 (87) PCT Publication: WO 2017/121429 of 07/20/2017 (85) National Phase Date: 07/12/2018 (57) Summary: The invention relates to a residential ventilation unit for decentralized residential ventilation installations, in which at least one reversible fan (16) and a heat accumulation element (24) are complemented by an electrostatic precipitator for air purification. In addition, a filter set for a ventilation installation, in particular for a decentralized residential ventilation installation (30), with an air duct that features an electrostatic precipitator crossed by the air stream forced to purify, which extends for a predetermined section of the air duct (30), additionally features in the section of the electrostatic precipitator (18) predetermined of the air duct, at least one heat accumulation element (24), so that the electrostatic precipitator and the accumulation element of heat interconnect with each other spatially.
    1/14
    FILTER SET FOR AN INSTALLATION OF
    VENTILATION, RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION INSTALLATION
    DECENTRALIZED WITH A FILTER SET AND UNIT OF
    RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION [001] The present invention relates to a filter assembly for a ventilation installation, in particular for a decentralized residential ventilation installation, a decentralized ventilation system installation with such a filter assembly, as well as a ventilation unit , in particular for decentralized residential ventilation installations.
    [002] Controlled residential ventilation systems represent an essential component for the proper functioning of energy-efficient and, to a large extent, air-tight buildings. Through the use of controlled residential ventilation systems it is possible to maintain air quality, where the heat losses that occur in the case of natural ventilation of the windows are minimized. The humidity is also kept at a controlled level, in order to avoid the formation of mold and other damages suffered by buildings related to the humidity of the air.
    [003] The term residential should clarify in this context that air quality must be improved for the presence of people. Such systems can be used, for example, for offices, so that the term residential ventilation system should not mean any limitation to use in residential construction.
    [004] In the market, a distinction is made between centralized and decentralized residential ventilation systems.
    [005] Decentralized ventilation systems have recently reached an increasingly widespread use in the residential construction area compared to
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 7/62
    2/14 centralized residential ventilation systems. This is partly due to the lower production costs that make these systems also suitable for later assembly in existing buildings. A significant advantage of decentralized systems is also that long, complicated or even inaccessible air ducts that connect to a central heat exchanger can be dispensed with. This represents a major advantage in terms of maintenance and hygiene.
    [006] In order to minimize heat losses, in the aforementioned decentralized residential ventilation installations, a heat accumulator is generally provided, which is heated by means of a reversible operation of the fan in ventilation mode of hot indoor air taken outside and then in reverse, preheating the generally cooler outside air that enters. Thus, with known installations heat recovery rates> 80% are achieved.
    [007] In addition, in such residential ventilation installations in Germany it is required by law to filter at least the air entering the interior space. This filtration is generally carried out using filter mats or the like.
    [008] In recent years it has been recognized the serious consequences that particles present in the air with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 pm or less - the so-called fine dust - can have on human health. Such fine dust particles pass through inhalation into the upper respiratory tract or into the lungs and, eventually, from there into the bloodstream and can cause - depending on their shape and toxicity - serious health problems in the body. The Umweltbundesamt (Federal Institute of the Environment) published a recent study that indicated an annual average of 47,000
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 8/62
    3/14 premature deaths in Germany due to air pollution, for example, from acute respiratory diseases or lung cancer. Even more serious than in Germany is the situation in many other cities in the world, particularly in Asia.
    [009] Conventional filters, such as filter mats, are not very efficient in terms of filtering performance, especially with regard to smaller particles, such as fine dust, at least when large pressure losses must be avoided. In addition, such filter media are not easy to clean or must be renewed regularly. If not, this represents, on the one hand, a hygiene problem, and on the other hand, pressure drops increase due to a filter overloaded with particles and the installation efficiency decreases.
    [0010] An alternative to conventional filters are electrostatic precipitators or high voltage electrostatic filters operated with several kilovolts (also known as electronic dust separation devices). Through its use, the particles present in the air are separated by means of electrical charges.
    [0011] For the purification of ambient air, in particular two-level electrostatic precipitators are known according to the Penney principle. Here, the particles to be separated are electrically charged first by means of a so-called ionizer. This occurs by means of so-called Corona discharges through thin, generally positive-charged Corona wires, which are arranged between negatively charged plates. This air with the charged particles then reaches a so-called collector that consists of plates of opposite charge respectively arranged parallel to each other. The charged particles precipitate on the plates (in particular
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 9/62
    4/14 on the negatively charged plates), so that the air behind the plates is largely free of particles.
    [0012] Electrostatic precipitators in accordance with the Penney principle are reliable and their operation has a reduced impact on ozone. However, the length of such an electrostatic precipitator is not irrelevant, on the one hand, due to its two-level structure and, on the other, due to the minimum necessary distance that the air must travel through the collector, so that it can happen a separation of particles with good yield.
    [0013] Since a typical decentralized residential ventilation installation is located directly in a wall opening, the available mounting length is limited by the available wall thickness, and aesthetic or impractical internal or external constructions are not accepted. structural. Conventional residential ventilation installations therefore present a technical challenge to accommodate the necessary components, including, among others, the fan, the conventional filter, heat accumulator for heat recovery, etc., in the available mounting length, especially in reduced wall thicknesses, such as those indicated, for example, for renovation of buildings.
    [0014] Energy consumption represents another aspect of electrostatic precipitators. The energy consumption of typical electrostatic precipitators is not very high. However, due to conversion losses in high voltage power supplies, as well as due to continuous discharge currents, electrostatic precipitators in residential areas require energy consumption in the order of approximately 10 W. During continuous operation and taking into account the circumstance that in ventilation installations
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 10/62
    5/14 decentralized residential units are usually planned for several units (at least two), these energy consumption should not be neglected.
    [0015] The present invention thus has the objective of providing a filter set and a decentralized residential ventilation installation with such a filter set, as well as a (residential) ventilation unit, which allow an ideal fine dust filtering in sizes compact and energy saving.
    [0016] The solution to the aforementioned objective is achieved by means of a filter set with the characteristics of patent claim 1, by means of a decentralized residential ventilation installation with the characteristics of patent claim 8, as well as by means of of a residential ventilation unit with the characteristics of patent claim 12.
    [0017] The respective dependent patent claims explain advantageous embodiments of the invention.
    [0018] In a filter set according to the invention for a ventilation installation, in particular for a decentralized residential ventilation installation, with an air duct that has an electrostatic precipitator crossed by the air stream forced to purify, which extends through a determined section of the air duct, the specified electrostatic precipitator section of the air duct is furthermore provided with at least one element of heat accumulation traversed by the air stream.
    [0019] The present invention is particularly suitable for decentralized residential ventilation installations, but can also be used for other ventilation installations, where there is a need to filter if there is a simultaneous temperature difference between the two
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 11/62
    6/14 sides of ambient air, for example, also in centralized residential ventilation installations or vehicle air conditioning systems, etc.
    [0020] According to one aspect of the invention, the electrostatic precipitator and heat accumulator are combined. However, the components of conventional electrostatic precipitators naturally also have a certain inherent capacity for heat accumulation. But this in itself is not usually enough to achieve sufficient heat capacity for the desired heat recovery rates between 80% to 90%. According to the invention, provision must be made for additional heat accumulation elements whose heat accumulation capacity significantly exceeds the heat accumulation capacity inherent in the electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator (or the necessary accessories, etc.).
    [0021] Preferably, the at least one element of heat accumulation - in contrast to the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator - can be made of an electrically insulating material or poor conductor of electricity.
    [0022] In addition to sufficient specific heat capacity and sufficient heat exchange coefficients between heat accumulator and air flow, sufficient storage mass is required for effective heat recovery, which as a rule cannot be provided only necessary components of the electrostatic precipitator. Thus, the elements of heat accumulation may, in a preferred embodiment, have a total mass of at least 50%, preferably 100% of the mass of the components technically necessary for the electrostatic precipitator.
    [0023] Thus, according to the invention, a significant part, preferably a large part of the
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 12/62
    7/14 system accumulation capacity, typically 5 to 100%, especially preferably 25% to 100%, must be provided through the heat accumulator / filter unit combination. If necessary, an additional heat storage capacity can also be supplemented separately by a dedicated additional heat accumulator positioned before or after the filter assembly; additional filters can also be used - such as conventional filters based on filter mats.
    [0024] The additional accumulation capacity integrated in the filter can be achieved, for example, by means of additional heat accumulator elements disposed between the condenser plates. Alternatively or in addition, the condenser plates, which are good conductors due to their metallic character, can also be designed specifically to accumulate heat, in which however the heat transfer is eventually affected by the separated particles. The latter measure is therefore preferably suitable for positively charged condenser plates, since positively charged particles precipitate in the preferentially positive pre-ionization of particles during Penney discharges into the negative collector plates.
    [0025] In total, the at least one heat accumulation element and the electrostatic precipitator are interconnected so that the axial extent of the at least one electrostatic precipitator interconnected with a heat accumulation element is less than the sum of the axial extensions of a correspondingly efficient separate electrostatic precipitator and the axial extensions of one or more separate heat accumulation elements correspondingly efficient.
    [0026] This results in an effective reduction of
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 13/62
    8/14 mounting length, so that the filter assembly according to the invention is particularly suitable for decentralized residential ventilation installations installable in openings in walls with reduced wall thickness, although the use of the invention should not be limited only to such facilities.
    [0027] The electrostatic precipitator used for the filter set according to the invention is preferably designed as a two-level electrostatic precipitator with an ionizer and a collector according to the Penney principle.
    [0028] The at least one heat-accumulating element can preferably be designed in the form of a comb, wherein the individual teeth of the at least one comb-shaped element protrude into the intermediate space between the electrodes of the preferred collector in the form of electrostatic precipitator plates. With this, the space between the collector electrodes or plates is used efficiently. Depending on the dielectric properties of the heat accumulating elements, the field properties in the remaining spaces between the collector plates are improved or, at least, do not deteriorate in terms of particle separation. Comb-shaped elements can be provided in subsections of the collector plates or can also extend like plates over larger areas between the collector plates, which also raises the question of aerodynamic optimization.
    [0029] The at least one heat accumulation element is preferably substantially made of a material with high thermal conductivity and high heat accumulation capacity, which preferably has no electrical conductivity, in particular from a plastic or ceramic material.
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 14/62
    In addition, a decentralized residential ventilation installation with a filter assembly as described above is proposed in the context of the invention.
    [0031] The filter set is preferably at least one electric fan controlled by an upstream or downstream control, which is operated reversibly in a normal operation mode of the residential ventilation installation, so that with o at least one element of heat accumulation, and at a different temperature between outside and inside, heat recovery can be achieved.
    [0032] Preferably, the electrostatic precipitator is designed for primary filtration of air entering an interior space in an air supply mode, and the electrostatic precipitator, in particular the ionizer, is supplied with voltage, preferably only in an air supply mode of the residential ventilation installation and switched off in an air exhaust mode.
    [0033] In this way, significant energy savings can be achieved, since the electrostatic precipitator, compared to continuous operation, normally only needs energy in only 50% of the operating time, assuming a 50% power percentage outside air. If the decentralized residential ventilation system is not operating in certain situations - for example, when this is not necessary, due to the ambient air quality, based on the signal from a pollutant or CO2 sensor - the electrostatic precipitator can be automatically turned off.
    [0034] In this context, a possible alternative basic description of the present invention is to provide a ventilation installation with at least one fan with
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 15/62
    10/14 operation in reversible mode and an optional heat accumulator with an electrostatic precipitator, which only works with full separation power in one operating direction of at least one fan.
    [0035] In addition, in one mode, the controller may have a purification mode that is periodically activated and / or manually activated, in which when the electrostatic precipitators are turned off, the air is blown out at maximum power, thus being removed as much as possible. , dust deposited.
    [0036] Alternatively or additionally, an actuator (for example, a vibrator or a whisk) can be provided that triggers or facilitates the removal of deposited dust.
    [0037] In a preferred mode, the working voltage of the electrostatic filter, including the working voltage of the ionizer and the working voltage of the collector, can vary depending on different parameters, in which these parameters can be selected from the group of air flow direction, air flow power, operating level, date and time, indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, location-dependent fine dust values transmitted by a network, air humidity, a specification for the predominant average particle size (city / countryside mode), as well as the signal from a particle sensor and / or a signal from a dust resistance sensor. This results in several possibilities for individual adaptation to existing operating conditions. For example, the energy consumption of the electrostatic filter can be reduced or eliminated when the particle sensor indicates only a low charge of particles from the outside air or if it can be determined using meteorological data or from a network (for example , internet). A so-called dust resistance sensor provides information on the specific resistance
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 16/62
    11/14 of the dust to be eliminated and allows an optimization of the operating parameters of the electrostatic precipitator. In addition, the current air humidity can also be used to control the Corona discharge, as well as to prevent electrical discharges between the collector electrodes in case of very high air humidity.
    [0038] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, to achieve the aforementioned objective, a residential ventilation unit is proposed - in particular a ventilation unit for a decentralized residential ventilation installation - with an air duct, which is designed to be integrated into an exterior wall of a building with an essentially horizontal extension, at least one reversible fan arranged in the air duct and at least one heat accumulation element arranged in the air duct. This ventilation unit is characterized by the fact that at least one electrostatic precipitator is arranged in the air duct, which is preferably crossed by the air stream forced to purify.
    [0039] Such a ventilation unit thus differs from known ventilation units for decentralized residential ventilation installations by means of at least one additional electrostatic precipitator disposed within the air duct. To accommodate these elements along the length of the air duct, usually limited by the thickness of the wall and wall structure, the elements, in particular heat accumulation elements and electrostatic precipitators, can be interconnected with each other as described above. If sufficient mounting length is available, these elements can also be arranged in succession without interconnection.
    [0040] The invention is described in more detail below based on the execution examples presented in the
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 17/62
    12/14
    Figures. Like this:
    - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a decentralized residential ventilation system according to the invention;
    - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of an electrostatic precipitator / heat accumulation unit combination;
    - Figure 3 is an exploded view of Figure 2;
    - Figure 4 is another representation of the electrostatic precipitator / heat accumulation unit combination with a detailed representation of the air flow geometry, and
    - Figure 5 is a representation similar to Figure 4 with an alternative airflow geometry.
    [0041] In Figure 1, shown as a whole, a decentralized residential ventilation unit identified with the number 10, which connects the exterior side of a building, which in Figure 1 is on the right side, through an exterior panel 14 through an air duct 30 arranged in an opening in the wall, to an interior space through an interior panel 12. An air flow is forced by a reversible axial fan 16, so that, in a known way, outside air 28 is drawn in or indoor air is drawn out. This occurs in an alternatively known manner respectively, preferably in exchange for at least one other residential ventilation unit (not shown) with reverse air direction, in which both residential ventilation units are in flow connection with each other. the other through the interior spaces. Electronic control units, usually controlled by a microprocessor with corresponding operating elements for the user, are not represented. A heat accumulation element 24 ensures recovery
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 18/62
    13/14 heat, where (as long as it is colder outside than inside) it is first heated through the discharged indoor air and the stored heat is in turn transferred to the supply air from outside.
    [0042] In the context of the present invention, this heat accumulation element 24 is interconnected by means of an electrostatic precipitator to a common unit 18. The electrostatic precipitator works, in accordance with the Penney principle, on several levels and consists of an ionizer 26 which is formed by a harp of wires charged with high positive voltage, and a collector downstream in the direction of action, which essentially consists on capacitor plates 24 charged alternately with high positive and negative voltage. The respective feeders and high voltage power supplies are not shown. The electrostatic precipitator is, furthermore, upstream of a mechanical pre-filtration, which is designed as a conventional filter mat 20.
    [0043] For maintenance and cleaning purposes, the respective components can be removed from the opening in the wall after disassembling the interior and exterior panels 12, 14, where preferably the high voltage supply is automatically switched on and off by means of brushes and pins not shown. Other details such as voltage feeders, fasteners and high voltage power supplies are not shown in detail in the figures.
    [0044] The interconnection between the electrostatic precipitator and the heat accumulator is shown in detail in Figures 2 to 5. According to Figures 2 and 3, electrodes 22a, b, c, etc. planar collectors and charged respectively alternately with high voltage are arranged, in the example of the modality, vertically and interspersed, at regular intervals, by elements of
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 19/62
    14/14 horizontal comb heat accumulation 24a, b, c. The electrodes 22a-c are shorter than the heat accumulating elements 24a-c, so that the heat accumulating elements in the rear area opposite the ionizer 26 protrude above the collector electrodes. Depending on the condensate drainage and particle retention requirements, 90 ° rotated geometry (vertical heat accumulation elements and horizontal collector electrodes) or 45 ° rotated geometry or another angle or another distribution is also possible completely different between electrodes and heat accumulation surfaces, including an integration of the elements of heat accumulation in the electrodes.
    [0045] In general, the example of a modality results in a structure in the form of a cross grid (see also Figure 4), which in each case provides approximately square air ducts. The heat accumulation elements are formed from a substantially non-conductive plastic or ceramic material with high thermal capacity. In an alternative embodiment according to Figure 5, the common unit 18 'of the heat accumulation elements and electrostatic precipitator has a shape such that the air passages have a shape on the bottom (in relation to the mounting position) roof to ensure that any condensate that forms will flow better.
    [0046] In an alternative mode not shown, the elements of heat accumulation and the electrostatic precipitator are arranged linearly in succession (eventually separated from each other by means of other elements, such as a fan) in an air duct that extends through of an opening in the wall, but not interconnecting.
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 20/62
    1/4
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. FILTER SET FOR A VENTILATION INSTALLATION, in particular for a decentralized residential ventilation installation, with an air duct (30) that has an electrostatic precipitator crossed by the air stream forced to be purified, which extends through a predetermined section of the air duct (30), characterized in that, in the predetermined section of the electrostatic precipitator (18) of the air duct (30), there is additionally provided for at least one heat accumulation element (24) crossed by the current of air.
    [2]
    ASSEMBLY according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one heat accumulation element (24) and the electrostatic precipitator are interconnected so that the axial extension of the at least one electrostatic precipitator interconnected with an accumulation element of heat is less than the sum of the axial extensions of a correspondingly efficient separate electrostatic precipitator and the axial extensions of one or more correspondingly efficient separate heat accumulation elements.
    [3]
    ASSEMBLY according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one heat accumulation element (24) is made of a non-conductive electrical material or of poor electrical conductivity.4. ASSEMBLY according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat accumulating element or the heat accumulating elements (24) have a total mass of at least 50%, preferably 100%, of the mass of the components technically needed for the electrostatic precipitator.
    5. SET, according to any of the
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 21/62
    2/4 claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one heat accumulation element (24) is substantially made of a material with high thermal conductivity and high heat accumulation capacity, in particular a plastic or ceramic material.
    6. ASSEMBLY according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrostatic precipitator is designed as a two-level electrostatic precipitator with an ionizer (26) and a collector (22).
    ASSEMBLY according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one heat accumulation element (24) is designed in the form of a comb, characterized in that the individual teeth of the at least one comb-shaped element are project in the intermediate space between the electrodes of the collector (22) of the electrostatic precipitator.
    8. DECENTRALIZED RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION INSTALLATION WITH A FILTER ASSEMBLY, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filter assembly is at least one electric fan (16) controlled by an upstream or downstream control, which is operated reversibly in a normal operating mode of the residential ventilation system, so that, with at least one heat accumulation element (24) and a different temperature between outside and inside, a recovery can be achieved of heat.
    9. INSTALLATION according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrostatic precipitator is designed for primary filtration of the air entering an interior space in an air supply mode, and the precipitator
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 22/62
    3/4 electrostatic, in particular the ionizer (26), to be supplied with voltage only in an air supply mode of the residential ventilation installation and to be switched off in an air exhaust mode.
    10. INSTALLATION, according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized by the control having a cleaning mode activated periodically and / or manually activated, in which, with the electrostatic precipitator switched off, the air is blown at maximum power to the outside and / or where a mechanical actuator is provided to remove deposited particles.
    11. INSTALLATION according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by the operating voltage of the electrostatic precipitator, including the operating voltage of the ionizer (26) and the operating voltage of the collector (22), which may vary depending on different parameters, which can be selected between air flow direction, air flow power, operating level, date and time, indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, air humidity, location-specific fine dust values transmitted by a network , a specification for the predominant average particle size (city / countryside mode), as well as the signal from a dust resistance sensor.
    12. RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION UNIT, in particular for a decentralized residential ventilation installation, as defined in any of claims 8 to 11, with
    - an air duct (30), designed for installation on an exterior wall of a building with a substantially horizontal extension,
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 23/62
    [4]
    4/4
    - fur any less a fan reversible (16) willing in the air duct (30), and- fur any less an element of accumulation heat (24) in the conduct of air,
    characterized by
    - in the air duct (30), moreover, at least one electrostatic precipitator is arranged.
    13. UNIT according to claim 12, characterized in that it has a filter assembly, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7.
    Petition 870180060259, of 07/12/2018, p. 24/62
    1/3
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    法律状态:
    2021-08-24| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
    2021-11-03| B06W| Patent application suspended after preliminary examination (for patents with searches from other patent authorities) [chapter 6.23 patent gazette]|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016100551.7A|DE102016100551A1|2016-01-14|2016-01-14|Electro-separator arrangement, in particular for decentralized residential ventilation systems|
    PCT/DE2017/100020|WO2017121429A1|2016-01-14|2017-01-14|Filter assembly for ventilation systems, decentralised room ventilation system comprising a filter assembly of this type and ventilation unit|
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